What the science says

Plain-language summaries of what studies have found. Always consult a dentist or doctor for personal advice.

Oral health

Fights harmful mouth bacteria

Lab and clinical studies show miswak extracts reduce Streptococcus mutans and other bacteria linked to tooth decay and gum disease.

Reduces plaque and gum bleeding

Several trials found miswak as effective as a toothbrush — and sometimes better — at lowering plaque and gingivitis when used correctly.

Natural fluoride and minerals

Salvadora persica naturally contains fluoride, silica, calcium and chlorides that help clean and protect enamel.

Freshens breath, boosts saliva

Its aromatic compounds reduce bad breath and stimulate saliva, the mouth's natural defence.

General health

Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant

Researchers have identified compounds with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity, which are being studied beyond the mouth.

Oral health links to whole-body health

Gum disease is linked to heart disease and diabetes. By keeping gums healthy, miswak may support general wellbeing.

Recommended by the WHO

The World Health Organization recognised chewing sticks as an effective, affordable oral hygiene tool (1986 consensus, reaffirmed 2000).